Uso de inteligencia artificial en la educación: Beneficio o perjuicio en los estudiantes

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been progressively integrated into educational processes through smart tutors, adaptive learning platforms, virtual assistants, and generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT. These technologies can personalize instruction, provide immediate feedback, facilitate access to information, and support students with different learning paces and needs. However, their use also poses risks related to technological dependence, misinformation, data privacy, unequal access, plagiarism, and a decline in critical thinking. This paper analyzes whether artificial intelligence represents a benefit or a detriment to students. This literature review examines eight documents—including scientific articles, institutional reports, and academic papers—to assess their main advantages, limitations, and conditions of use. The review supports the conclusion that AI is neither positive nor negative in and of itself: its effects depend on the pedagogical purpose, teacher guidance, digital literacy, and the ethical standards governing its use. Therefore, the study proposes the responsible use of AI as a complementary tool, without replacing human interaction or the student’s intellectual effort.