Digital Zakat Fintech in the Perspective of Sharia Economic Law: Analysis of Strategic Role and Contribution to SDG 1 in Indonesia (2021–2024)

Abstract

Digital transformation has reshaped the zakat management ecosystem in Indonesia through the integration of financial technology (fintech), yet its implementation continues to raise important questions about sharia compliance and social impact optimization. This article analyzes the role of fintech in digital zakat collection from the perspective of Islamic economic law and its contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 1 on poverty eradication. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with document analysis, this study examines annual reports of BAZNAS, Dompet Dhuafa, Rumah Zakat, and Lazismu for the 2021–2024 period, alongside relevant regulations. The findings reveal that fintech plays a strategic role in expanding the muzaki base by removing structural access obstacles, improving fund allocation accuracy, accelerating crisis response, promoting digital economic empowerment, and strengthening transparency through blockchain and real-time audit systems. From the sharia economic law perspective, these practices broadly align with the principles of maslahah, justice, and amanah, though regulatory gaps remain in real-time verification mechanisms, fund segregation, and data protection. The contribution to SDG 1 (No Poverty) is evidenced by expanding mustahik coverage and accelerated responses to extreme poverty. The novelty of this study lies in its empirical integration of post-pandemic OPZ operational data with sharia compliance analysis and SDG validation within the Indonesian context.