Metodologías, barreras e indicadores para la mejora de la productividad en MyPEs y PyMEs manufactureras en contextos de industria 4.0 y 5.0: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Abstract

This study systematically analyzes the scientific literature on methodologies, barriers, critical factors, and indicators associated with productivity improvement in manufacturing micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), considering their relationship with the contexts of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, based on searches in Elicit, EBSCO, and Scopus. After the identification, cleaning, screening, and eligibility process, 195 articles were included in the final analysis. The results show that the main approaches identified correspond to Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma, management systems, continuous improvement, operations management, digital transformation, and Industry 4.0. Economic, organizational, human, cultural, technological, strategic, and contextual barriers were also identified, along with critical success factors such as leadership, training, a culture of continuous improvement, data availability, and strategic alignment. Finally, it is evident that productivity should be evaluated using multidimensional indicators linked to efficiency, quality, costs, time, digitalization, and sustainability.