The functional roles of key immune and stromal populations, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells are discussed, highlighting their contribution to immunosuppressive signaling networks.
Targeting the mechanisms regulating Treg recruitment, stability, or suppressive function may represent a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies including Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy.
Yusuke Fukiage, Nodoka Okubo, M. Taga et al.· Frontiers in Molecular Biosc...· 0 citations
This review comprehensively examines the cellular and acellular architecture of the TME, emphasizing its spatial organization, metabolic reprogramming, mechanical properties, and immunological regulation across diverse tumor types.
R. Latif, Taufiq Nawaz· Critical reviews in oncology...· 0 citations
Together, current evidence indicates that MDSCs represent context-dependent therapeutic nodes, while functional reprogramming, spatially resolved profiling, and patient stratification may improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Lisichen Zhu, Hui Liu, Sihan Zhang et al.· Cancer Letters· 1 citation
This review critically evaluates the translational potential of targeting these neuro-immune interactions, highlighting combination strategies designed to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Zhi-Fan Ran, Cheng-Hong Zeng, Jin-Li Han et al.· Frontiers in Immunology· 0 citations
This review critically examines recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled targeting of CAFs and immune suppression within the TME, and concludes that nanotechnology-driven TME modulation represents a promising paradigm shift toward more durable and effective cancer therapies.
Muhindo Edgar· NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNA...· 0 citations
Overall, CAFs are central orchestrators of immune remodeling in liver cancer and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.
N. Porro, Silvia Marri, F. Salani et al.· Oncology Research· 0 citations
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