Integrating Halal and Food Safety Indicator Relationships through DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC Structural Analysis

Abstract

The food industry’s supply chain is both complex and fragmented, which amplifies the risk of contamination; this paper focuses on addressing these challenges. To tackle these challenges, companies need indicators that track their activities from procurement through to returns, as such metrics are essential for supporting decision-making, efficiency, and risk management. This study’s goal was to investigate the relationships among operational performance indicators in order to identify priority indicators that may enhance operational performance while integrating halal and food safety certification. The indicators were identified by examining activities within the business process (source, make, deliver, and return). They were then developed based on previous studies and the perspectives of experts panel. The DEMATEL method was used to find cause-and-effect links between indicators; ISM was used to make hierarchical structures; and MICMAC was applied to categorize indicators according to driving power and dependent power. This study shows that there are five hierarchical levels of the 25 identified operational indicators. Indicators such as material quality, cleanliness, defect rate, production rate, and warehouse inventory can be root causes that impact other operational performance indicators. The findings may assist stakeholders in the food industry to identify root causes, strengthen halal and food safety assurance, and significantly improve performance. This study contributes new insights by applying an activity-based approach combined with DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC, advancing both the theoretical and practical application of performance indicators within the food industry.