360° Video Coding with Versatile Video Coding Standard: A Systematic Review of Intra-Frame Prediction Computational Cost Reduction

Abstract

The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard provides new tools that allow higher compression rates compared to previous standards, as well as greater adaptability to different types of video content, such as 360° or omnidirectional videos. In this sense, VVC requires a very high computational effort, especially in the intra-frame prediction stage. This issue becomes more critical when encoding 360° videos due to the inherent characteristics of this type of media. In fact, many challenges remain in mitigating this issue and promoting wider adoption of the standard. This work presents an investigation and analysis of published works that focus on reducing the computational cost of intra-frame prediction of the VVC standard. As a result, fourteen works are categorized and discussed. The open research opportunities for future contributions are also presented.