Synthesis of Ti₃C₂Tₓ@PANI-PPy-Ce³⁺ Composite for HighPerformance Supercapacitor Application

Abstract

In this study, a novel ternary nanocomposite consisting of Ti₃C₂Tₓ@polyaniline polypyrrole (PANI-PPy), and cerium ions (Ce³⁺) was synthesized via in-situ chemical oxidative copolymerization for supercapacitor applications. The composite leverages on the high electrical conductivity and surface activity of MXene, the redox activity of PANI-PPy copolymer, and the pseudocapacitive contribution from Ce³⁺ ions. Structural and morphological characterizations using FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM confirmed the successful integration of the various components. Electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 872 F/g at 1 A/g, excellent rate capability, and remarkable cycling stability with 91.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The ternary synergy of MXene, conductive polymers, and redox-active ions paves the way for the next-generation high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.