All-Optically Tunable Self-Referenced Multibeam Visible Lasing Based on Silicon–Organic Hybrid Metasurfaces

Abstract

Reconfigurable multibeam light sources are highly sought after for parallel optical sensing, high-density imaging, and LiDAR applications. However, the dynamic manipulation of multibeam lasing from a single planar cavity remains largely unaddressed, with existing dynamic tuning strategies limited to either single-beam operation or discrete mode hopping. Here, we demonstrate self-referenced multibeam visible lasing enabled by a silicon–organic hybrid metasurface. This single-cavity platform simultaneously supports a central lasing beam and six satellite lasing beams. Notably, the emission angle of the satellite beams can be dynamically tuned via all-optical means, while the central beam can serve as an intrinsic spatial reference for angular calibration. By virtue of elaborate mode engineering, lasing modes are confined predominantly in the organic gain medium, minimizing the field overlap with silicon nanoparticles to reduce dissipative losses at lasing wavelengths yet preserving the strong photothermal effect for all-optical control. This architecture holds great promise for compact, reconfigurable multibeam photonic systems.