Nutritional Status as a Determinant of Anemia Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Adolescence is a period of physical growth that requires optimal nutritional intake. Nutritional imbalances can increase the risk of anemia in adolescents. Nutritional status, measured using Body Mass Index (BMI), is thought to be associated with hemoglobin levels, an indicator of anemia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status based on BMI and the incidence of anemia in junior high school adolescents. This analytical study, using a cross-sectional design, was conducted in November 2024. A sample size of 95 was selected using a purposive sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instruments, including a weight scale, microtoise, and a Point of Care Test (POCT), were conducted quickly, practically, and directly at the study site without requiring a laboratory. Data were analyzed using univariate tests and Spearman's correlation test due to non-normal distribution. Respondents were 53.7% male and 46.3% female. The average BMI was 18.86 ± 4.07 and the hemoglobin level was 12.84 ± 1.409 mg/dL. Spearman's test results showed a ρ value of 0.713 with a correlation coefficient of 0.038, indicating a very weak and insignificant relationship. There is no significant relationship between nutritional status based on BMI and the incidence of anemia in junior high school adolescents. Anemia in adolescents is a health problem influenced by various factors, including nutritional status, micronutrient intake, and reproductive health.