Fusarium: The Understanding of the Fungal Genus Beyond Pathogenesis, Towards its Exploration of the Production of Value-Added Products

Abstract

The genus Fusarium comprises a diverse array of species which are devastating plant pathogens, causing diseases in various agriculturally important crops and also harmful for humans and animals. The genus is recognized as a promising source of a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which attracted enormous interest. Some of these products like mycotoxins are associated with infection in plants as well as affecting the growth and development of animals. These mycotoxins are of great interest in the field of agriculture and food safety. The taxonomy of Fusarium species has been discussed in this review. At present, the genus contains more than 300 species. The taxonomic and economic importance of Fusarium make it an important subject for discussion in the future regarding its nomenclature and mycological diversity. Species of Fusarium are recognized as a promising source of enzymes, pigments, bioflavours, biofuels, exopolysaccharides, mycoproteins and some other secondary metabolites. These products have significant importance in numerous industries like food, beverages, biofuels and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the genus has a significant impact on agriculture, food safety and production, human and animal health, biotechnology and ecosystem. This review gives an overview of the taxonomic position of Fusarium and brings focus on its ecological importance and industrial applications.