Move More, Risk Less: A Scoping Review of Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a medical condition that contributes to high mortality and morbidity rates globally. Physical activity (PA) is one preventive measure that can be taken to prevent cancer. This literature review aims to identify the role of PA in cancer prevention. Methods: This scoping review utilized scientific articles sourced from four major databases: ScienceDirect, Wiley, PubMed, and ProQuest. The included articles were original research studies published between 2020 and 2024. The research question and keywords were developed based on the PCC framework: Population (P): adolescents, adults, and older adults; Concept (C): physical activity related to cancer prevention; and Context (C): hospital and community settings. The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines (2020). Results: A total of 7,281 articles were found in the search. Based on the screening conducted, 10 articles were selected for further analysis. Most articles reported that engaging in PA can reduce various cancer risks. Other articles identified barriers to PA, such as lack of social support and low motivation. However, these barriers can be overcome with adequate supportive factors.  Conclusion: Engaging in regular PA can help prevent cancer incidence. However, supportive policies, access to facilities, and reliable information are essential to increase participation. Further research is needed to develop tailored PA recommendations, especially for vulnerable populations.