Productivity and technological qualities of sugar beet root crops cultivated using various technologies under the conditions of the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Abstract

The study aimed to identify patterns in the development of productivity and technological qualities of sugar beet root crops, as well as to refine the optimal parameters of the CONVISO SMART technology in the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The work was carried out from 2022 to 2024. The soil cover of the experimental plot was leached chernozem. The forecrop was winter wheat. The Kalledonia hybrid was grown in the experiment. The field experiment design included the classic cultivation technology with three treatments with the herbicides Bifor Progress (rate of 1.0 l/ha), Bifor 22 (1.0 l/ha), Ligat (0.5 l/ha), Agron (0.3 l/ha), Karibu (0.03 kg/ha) and two variants of the CONVISO SMART cultivation technology with a single and double treatment with the herbicide Conviso 1 at rates of 1.5 l/ha and 0.75 l/ha, respectively. When cultivating according to the classic technology, the total mortality of weeds in sugar beet crops was 76%, the yield was 41.1 t/ha, the sugar content was 16.67%, and the gross yield of refined sugar was 6.16 t/ha. A single application of the CONVISO SMART herbicide resulted in 88% weed control, while increasing yield by 4.8 t/ha, sugar content by 1.88%, and gross refined sugar yield by 1.64 t/ha compared to the conventional method. Double application of the CONVISO SMART herbicide resulted in an increase in yield by 8.0 t/ha, sugar content by 2.55%, and gross refined sugar yield by 2.48 t/ha. The most significant negative correlations between weed mass and root crop yield (r = -0.92), sugar content (r = -0.91), and gross sugar yield (r = -0.90).