Perceptions on the Use of 3D Printing in Adapted Physical Education

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging form of assistive technology (AT) with growing potential in adapted physical education (APE) settings to support students with significant disabilities. This study explored APE teachers’ understanding, experiences, and perceptions of using 3D printing to create customized AT devices. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected via an online survey distributed through social media and alumni networks, followed by semi-structured interviews with teachers experienced in 3D printing for APE. Results revealed varied levels of awareness and experience; many teachers recognized the benefits of 3D printing for producing low-cost, individualized, and adaptable equipment such as modular sports adapters, tactile tools, and communication aids. However, barriers including limited access to printers, funding constraints, lack of professional development, and concerns about material durability were identified. Despite these challenges, participants expressed strong interest in future use of 3D printing to enhance student participation and inclusion.