The survey shows that scalable QEC depends on coordinated advances across codes, devices, control, decoding, architecture, and communication, together with common criteria including logical reliability, timing and throughput.
Abstract
This survey examines quantum error correction (QEC) as a cross-layer engineering problem for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing and protected quantum communication. It covers code and noise models, hardware platforms and physical-integration constraints, real-time decoding and control, system-scale resource limits, and QEC for quantum communication. Across these areas, the survey uses a three-stage analytical lens consisting of physical realizability, real-time executability, and system-scale or end-to-end utility, together with common criteria including logical reliability, timing and throughput, quantum and classical resource overhead, connectivity and data movement, physical-integration and power constraints, and communication rate and fidelity. Overall, the survey shows that scalable QEC depends on coordinated advances across codes, devices, control, decoding, architecture, and communication.
It is demonstrated that the wall-clock time each decoder takes to process a syndrome measurement and decoding round constitutes a novel, exploitable hardware side channel on physical quantum hardware.
Friedrich Doku, Jakub Szefer, Kaitlin N. Smith· arXiv.org· 0 citations
The limited qubit resources of current quantum processing units (QPUs), together with their susceptibility to operational imperfections, environmental noise, and error propagation, not only degrade computational fidelity but also constrain the scalability required for utility-scale quantum computing. Consequently, the...
S. Babaie, Sean Grzenda, Lan Yang et al.· Entropy· 0 citations
This survey presents a full-stack view of compiler design for QEC-protected quantum computation, and identifies open challenges in cross-layer optimization, qLDPC compilation, compiler-decoder co-design, runtime adaptivity, and the development of integrated and benchmarkable FTQC compilation stacks.
Cheng-Hong Zhu, Jia-Han Chen, Ke-Ming He et al.· 0 citations
This study investigated the QEC contribution to the functional size of quantum software and demonstrated that this contribution can be systematically measured using the COSMIC Functional Size Measurement method.
Quantum computer deployment in space remains constrained by demanding hardware, environmental, and communications requirements. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using quantum computing in space systems. It focuses on payload integration, radiation protection, quantum-memory stability, autonomous h...
Transitioning quantum computing from laboratory physical demonstrations to practical, utility-scale processing requires bridging a multi-order-of-magnitude gap between physical gate fidelities and algorithmic error thresholds. While fault-tolerant quantum computing relies on quantum error correction to span this divide...
