Advanced Frequency Regulation in Renewable Rich Grids Using Mobile Electric Vehicle Energy Storage and Hybrid Algorithms

Abstract

Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into power grids can benefit the environment and economy. The inclusion of conventional systems, creates problems due to the unpredictability and intermittency of RES. A Load Frequency Controller (LFC) is essential for solving these challenges. The implementation of devices referred to as Mobile Electric Vehicle Energy Storage (MEVES) is being used in the regulation of grid frequency by storing surplus renewable energy generated at peak production times. This research investigates the issues of integrating RES into electric power networks. A hybrid ZOA-PS PI-(1+DD) controller is put forward. The system's performance is evaluated alongside controllers employing OOA-PS, IWO-PS, GWO-PS, AVOA-PS, and ABC-PS optimization methods. Evaluation with MEVES and RES integration demonstrates the efficacy of the controller. With regard to ΔF1, the ZOA-PS PI-(1+DD) controller's settling time was improved by 25%, 12%, 27%, 30%, and 42% compared to other techniques. Improvements for ΔF2 are 14%, 12%, 18%, 22%, and 27% respectively. For ΔP12, the enhancements without MEVES and RES are 10%, 5%, 11%, 15%, 15%, and 23%. Compared to alternative approaches, the suggested controller outperforms them in overshoot (OS) and undershoot (US). Inclusion of MEVES and RES, System-I and System-II perform better than the other in both LFC system areas concerning OS and US combined compared to the non-MEVES-RES approach. System III shows improvement relative to Systems I and II for overshoot of 23% and 9% for ΔF1 and 12% and 10% for ΔF2. Undershoot improvements are 22% and 6% for ΔF1 and 25% and 21% for ΔP12.