Aug 2026· International Journal of Plant & Soil Science· 0 citations
Abstract
This study evaluated heterosis and selected genetic parameters for 14 quantitative traits in brinjal (eggplant). Eight lines and three testers were crossed in a line × tester design to produce 24 F1 hybrids, which were evaluated during the rabi and kharif seasons of 2022–23. The experiment was conducted at the College Farm, College of Horticulture, Jagudan, and the Fruit Research Station, Dehgam, using a randomised block design with three replications. Standard agronomic practices were followed, and observations were recorded from six selected plants per treatment across replications for plant height, plant spread, flowering and picking traits, fruit yield, phenolic content and related characters. Heterosis was expressed as the percentage increase or decrease relative to the better parent (heterobeltiosis) and the standard check (standard heterosis). For plant height at 90 DAT, several crosses exhibited positive heterosis, with L5 × T1 and L7 × T2 recording the highest pooled standard heterosis values. L5 × T1 also performed best for plant height at the last picking and showed consistently favourable heterosis for plant spread in both the E–W and N–S directions. Desirable negative heterosis for days to first flower initiation and days to first picking was recorded in L3 × T1, L2 × T1 and L5 × T1. L3 × T1 and L5 × T1 exhibited desirable positive heterosis for days to last picking. These crosses may be useful for improving growth and flowering traits in brinjal, subject to further evaluation for yield, quality and stability.
This experimental research was carried out to assess the components of variability for 11 quantitative parameters across 51 geographically diverse brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) strains. The research was carried out during summer season, 2024 at Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Horticulture, Chauras Campus, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand India. The experimental results revealed that, significant difference was recorded almost all the parameters studied. The results revealed that, the PCV and GCV was found higher for the traits like number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches/plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield/plant. Heritability in broad sense were ranged from 38.56% to 98.17%, almost all the characters showed high heritability. The highest GAM estimates were recorded for almost all the characters. Therefore, results indicated that predominance additive gene action in most of the trait expression, and direct simple selection through phenotypic expression is a good chance for genetic improvement.
Abhay Singh, Khulakpam Naseeruddin Shah, D. Rana et al.· Journal of Eco-friendly Agri...· 0 citations
The experiment was conducted during the late kharif season (September to December), 2025 at the Main Maize Research Station, Godhra, Gujarat, India to evaluate the performance and heterosis of maize hybrids. The experimental material comprised six lines and six testers, which were crossed in a Line×Tester mating design to produce thirty-six hybrids. These hybrids, along with their twelve parents and a standard check hybrid GAYMH 3, were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications under field conditions at the same location. Observations were recorded for fourteen characters, including yield and quality traits. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits, revealing considerable genetic variability. Among the hybrids, IL-17-39×IL-14-34, IL-17-77×IL-17-55 and IL-14-24×IL-15-19 exhibited the highest standard heterosis and heterobeltiosis for kernel yield, along with superior performance in cob girth, cob length, cob weight, shelling percentage, 100-kernel weight and protein content. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Euclidean distance and Ward’s D2 method showed that the parents of these crosses belonged to genetically diverse clusters, confirming that greater genetic divergence enhances heterosis through effective genetic complementation. Overall, the lines IL-17-39, IL-17-77 and IL-14-24, and testers IL-14-34, IL-17-55 and IL-15-19, along with the identified hybrids, demonstrated promising yield potential. Further studies are needed to evaluate their stability and adaptability across different environments.
Dhrupal P. Nakum, P. K. Parmar, Hardip V. Valiya et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
This study investigated the reproductive performance of seven tomato genotypes grown under open-field conditions during the 2024 season at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. The experimental material consisted of four indeterminate genotypes (Novosadski jabučar, Pegaz, Dunavski rubin, and breeding line V14) and three determinate genotypes (Alparac, Bačka, and Knjaz) selected from the Institute's breeding collection. Plants were established in a randomized block design with five replications, using 30 plants per variant. Reproductive traits: flower number, fruit number, fruit-set percentage, average fruit weight and average fruit yield per truss, were recorded across the first four flowering trusses. Fruit number and fruit set declined consistently toward higher trusses across all genotypes, indicating physiological limitations associated with assimilate allocation. Truss position accounted for the majority of variation in fruit number (82.2 %) and fruit set (87.0 %), whereas genotype was the primary determinant of average fruit weight (82.7 %). Significant genotype × truss interactions were observed for all traits, highlighting differential genotypic responses along the plant axis. The results demonstrate that fruit quantity is strongly influenced by intra-plant positional and environmental factors, whereas fruit size is largely under genetic control. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating truss-level physiological considerations with genotypic selection in tomato breeding programs. The study provides practical guidance for selecting genotypes with stable reproductive performance and improved yield potential under variable field conditions.
Vukašin Popović, S.A. Vlajić, Srdjan Zec et al.· Ratarstvo i Povrtarstvo· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted at the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Vegetable Crops, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, during the rabi season, 2023-2024, with broad objectives of developing superior, green round-fruited brinjal genotypes for higher fruit yield, fruit quality and tolerance to bacterial wilt from local landraces. Additional objectives included genetic analysis, including studies of genetic variability, character association and path analysis, along with genetic divergence analysis for future population improvement of brinjal using local landraces. A total of 41 genotypes of brinjal, including 9 local landraces of Odisha as parents, 31 F4 segregants and one check (BB-67), were evaluated by using randomised block design (RBD) with 2 replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all traits, suggesting enormous scope for effective phenotypic selection in brinjal. The genetic variability study revealed a high broad-sense heritability (> 60 %) coupled with high genetic advance as % of the mean (> 20 %) for most of the traits except plant height (cm), days to 1st flowering and days to 50 % flowering respectively, hence suitable for phenotypic selection. Similarly, study on character association revealed that total fruit yield per plant in brinjal was significantly and positively associated with average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level whereas the path analysis showed direct positive effects on total fruit yield per plant with traits viz., number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, plant height at final harvest, days required to 50 % flowering, fruit length, fruit breadth, plant spread (NS) and fruit length breadth ratio, indicating that the direct selection for these traits would be effective in brinjal improvement. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed 3 principal components with eigenvalues greater than unity (1.0), accounting for 78.647 % of the total variance. Principal Component 1 (PC1) contributed the highest proportion of total variance (42.282 %) with an eigenvalue of 4.228. PC2 and PC3 explained 24.045 % and 12.32 % of the variance with the eigenvalues of 2.404 and 1.232 respectively.
K. Mishra, P. Tripathy, A. Mohanty et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
Background: Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding can exploit heterosis and heterobeltiosis to identify parental combinations with improved agronomic and fruit-quality performance.
Aims: The objective was to develop and evaluate experimental bell pepper hybrids produced through single plant-to-plant crosses in order to estimate their heterosis and heterobeltiosis.
Study Design: A randomised complete block design was used, comprising sixteen treatments with three replications each; heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated using the corresponding formulas.
Place and Duration of Study: Experimental greenhouse "The Bajío", Buenavista, Department of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, from February 2024 to November 2025.
Methodology: Bell pepper experimental lines in the fifth filial generation (F5)—identified as L1, L6, L9, and L11—were used for crosses. Twelve hybrids, along with the four parents, were generated and evaluated in a greenhouse by quantifying and determining morphological variables, yield, and fruit quality.
Results: Regarding yield, the L9×L1 cross exhibited the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis values (19.98% and 30.06%, respectively). For the number of fruits per plant, the L9×L1 cross showed the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis values (21.10 and 3.55, respectively). Regarding average fruit weight, the L6×L9 cross showed heterosis of 23.42 and heterobeltiosis of 55.12. For fruit diameter, the L9×L11 cross achieved the highest heterosis value (12.77) and the highest heterobeltiosis value (17.85); in contrast, for fruit length, the cross with the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis values was L11×L6 (11.48 and 25.03, respectively).
Conclusions: Genetic divergence exists among the studied populations, as evidenced by the high heterosis and heterobeltiosis values; furthermore, maternal effects significantly influenced the variables under study, indicating the optimal direction for the cross. Consequently, these findings suggest significant variability for developing materials with high productive potential.
M. Araiza, N. Montejo, Francisco Alfonso Gordillo Melgoza et al.· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most economically important vegetable crops
worldwide, with a wide array of genetic diversity in morphological traits. Understanding this
diversity is crucial for breeding programs aimed at developing improved varieties with
desirable traits. The present investigation was undertaken to assess genetic variability using
morphological markers among 40 tomato accessions, comprising 30 accessions from the
National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, five from local markets in Ibadan,
three varieties from Benue and Oyo States, and two varieties obtained from seed companies.
The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three
replicates. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were recorded for several traits, including primary
leaf length and width, number of leaves, plant height days to first fruiting, number of
inflorescences, and the number of leaves under the first inflorescence. In the principal
component analysis, the first three components collectively explained 74.80% of the variation
observed among the 40 accessions. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into two major
clusters: cluster I, which contained two sub-clusters comprising 10 accessions, and cluster II,
which contained four sub-clusters comprising 30 accessions. This study identified four
accessions, namely NGB/00717, NGB/00714, NGB/00696, and NGB/00735b, that exhibited
superiority in important vegetative and yield traits. A sufficient level of diversity for future
tomato breeding programs was identified.
V. I. Ajie· JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENET...· 0 citations
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