Cost-Sharing Strategy for Distributed P2P Energy Trading Considering Spatial Distance Cost
Abstract
Point-to-point (P2P) energy trading serves as a critical market mechanism for promoting local consumption of distributed renewable energy. However, as P2P transactions rely on the distribution grid infrastructure, participants must pay grid usage fees to the distribution system operator (DSO). The allocation ratio of such fees directly affects the net economic benefits of both parties; an improper split may render one party’s net gain from P2P trading lower than that from direct grid interaction, violating the principle of individual rationality and undermining voluntary participation. This paper proposes a P2P matching model incorporating individual rationality constraints, with social welfare maximization as the objective, solved via a linear programming formulation. Through case-based simulation, we analyze how the fee-sharing parameter α ∈ [0,1]—denoting the buyer’s share (seller’s share being 1−α)—influences trading behavior, and compare system performance with and without grid fees. Results show that introducing grid fees encourages proximity-oriented trading. The proposed mechanism effectively reduces average transaction distance, and optimally tuning α and the fee rate enables a balanced trade-off between efficiency and profitability, offering actionable insights for P2P energy market design.