Manejo de pacientes pediátricos com leucemia linfocítica aguda na atualidade: revisão da literatura

Abstract

ALL is the most common type of leukemia in childhood, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts, which compromises the immune system and causes symptoms such as anemia, frequent infections and bone pain. The methodology consists of a literature review based on data from databases such as PubMed and UpToDate (2017-2024), using the following sequence of descriptors: "acute lymphoid leukemia" AND "management" AND "pediatrics" OR "children". Techniques such as blood count, immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analyses identify relevant subtypes and genetic alterations, therefore the development of personalized strategies with molecular biology, such as CAR-T cells and monitoring of specific mutations, optimize responses to treatment and reduce relapses. Despite the significant increase in survival, the management of side effects and toxicity of treatments remains a concern. Therapeutic and diagnostic innovations are essential to reduce complications, increase survival and improve the general well-being of children. The review provides a basis for future investigations and clinical guidance.