Increasing Trends of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: Need for Uterine Artery Doppler as a Predictor

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increasing incidence noted in developing countries. Early identification of at-risk pregnancies is crucial for timely intervention. Uterine artery Doppler (UAD) velocimetry offers a non-invasive method to assess uteroplacental perfusion and predict hypertensive complications. Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of second-trimester uterine artery Doppler parameters—specifically pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and diastolic notching—for the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 48 primigravidae at 19–22 weeks gestation. UAD parameters (PI, RI, and presence of notching) were measured, and participants were followed up until delivery for the development of PIH. Results: Abnormal UAD parameters (mean PI > 1.58, RI > 0.58, or presence of bilateral notching) were significantly associated with PIH development. The sensitivity and specificity of combined abnormal parameters for predicting PIH were 81.25% and 87.50%, respectively. Conclusion: Second-trimester uterine artery Doppler is a valuable, non-invasive predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension and should be incorporated into routine antenatal screening protocols, especially in resource-limited settings. Keywords: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, uterine artery Doppler, pulsatility index, resistance index, diastolic notching, preeclampsia prediction.