CANNABIDIOL AND MEDICAL CANNABIS IN BRAZIL: WHAT PHYSICIANS NEED TO KNOW

Abstract

Objective: To review the pharmacological, clinical, and regulatory principles governing the medical use of cannabinoids in Brazil, with emphasis on pharmaceutical-grade products currently authorized for sale in Brazilian pharmacies.  Methods: This narrative review synthesized literature published between 2015 and 2025 through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, and incorporated Brazilian regulatory documents from the National Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). Results: CBD demonstrates robust efficacy for a narrow range of refractory childhood epilepsies and shows promising, though still limited, therapeutic potential in chronic pain, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. In Brazil, recent regulatory advances have enabled the commercialization of oral formulations with varying CBD and THC profiles, expanding therapeutic options while also demanding careful attention to pharmaceutical quality, dosing, safety monitoring, and drug–drug interactions. Divergence between Brazilian and U.S. regulatory models reinforces the need for clinicians to understand the specific legal and prescribing requirements unique to the Brazilian context. Conclusion: Medical cannabinoid use in Brazil is rapidly evolving. Effective and responsible prescribing requires detailed knowledge of cannabinoid pharmacology, clinical indications, adverse-effect profiles, and regulatory obligations. Continued investment in high-quality clinical trials and real-world evidence is essential to define long-term safety, therapeutic value, and cost-effectiveness across diverse patient populations.