The geotourism potential of geosites and archaeo-paleontological landscape in the Gulf of Zula–Danakil corridor, Eritrea

Abstract

The Gulf of Zula–Danakil corridor of Eritrea represents a unique “rift–reef–refugium” setting exceptionally rich in geological attractions (such as volcanic cones, hot springs and reef beds) and archaeo-paleontological heritage. The region boasts globally important Stone Age sites like the 125,000-year-old artifact-bearing reef at Abdur, the 1.0-million-year-old Homo erectus cranium from Buia, Asfet, and the ancient port of Adulis, offering insights into human evolution, dispersal, and ancient maritime history. Drawing on these resources, this paper discusses the region’s potential for geotourism. Developing geotourism here can yield a substantial, non-extractive, climate-resilient economy for local communities and enhance Eritrea’s profile. Proposed promotion strategies include branding the area as a ‘deep-time’ learning laboratory, improving infrastructure, fostering strategic partnerships with different stakeholders, and integrating the local Saho and Afar cultural lifeways into tourism. Formal protection and coordinated management are crucial for sustainable geotourism development in the area. The Zula-Danakil landscape positions Eritrea as a steward of globally significant deep-time heritage.