TL;DR
The immune-regulatory network of BAs, which includes both receptor-dependent pathways and receptor-independent mechanisms, is examined, and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring metabolic-immune homeostasis are assessed.
This review explores the key gastrointestinal pathways linking microbiota alterations to immune dysregulation, emphasizing mechanisms that operate from extracellular barrier function to intracellular signaling cascades.
ABSTRACT The gut microbiota–tryptophan (TRP) metabolism–immune axis is one of the core pathogenic mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Physiologically, gut microbes convert dietary TRP into bioactive metabolites that regulate intestinal immune balance and barrier function via AHR. In IBD, this axis enters a...
The pathogenesis of cholecystitis involves the complex interplay of bile stasis, microbial dysbiosis, metabolic disturbances, and immune responses. Gut microbiota-associated metabolites can modulate adaptive immune components, including T helper 17 (Th17) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells, thr...
The human microbiota is a major regulator of immune development, mucosal barrier integrity, and systemic immune tone. Its effects are mediated by microbe-associated molecular patterns, pattern-recognition receptors, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived indoles, secondary bile acids...
This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms, receptor signaling pathways, metabolic regulation, and clinical translational potential of this axis, aiming to provide theoretical support for future precision medicine and innovative therapeutic strategies.
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to environmental antigens, pathogens, and pollutants, requiring tightly regulated immunity to balance inflammation and host defense. Increasing evidence indicates that the microbiome-within the airways and through the gut-lung axis-plays a critical role in shaping pulmonar...
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.
