Recyclable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Enabled by Biodegradable Pollen‐Paper Nanoarchitectonics for Sustainable Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising devices for harvesting ambient mechanical energy, however, their development is hindered by low power output, limited energy conversion efficiency, and reliance on synthetic polymers. Here, we report a pollen‐based recyclable TENG (PRTENG) achieving a power density of 5.07 W m −2 , rivaling synthetic polymeric TENGs. The seamless integration of bleached pollen paper with PEDOT:PSS and poly(vinyl alcohol) via strong hydrogen‐bonding networks exhibits a 21% increase in maximum stress and 82‐fold toughness enhancement alongside robust durability of over 100 000 contact‐separation cycles. Moreover, when integrated into footwear, the PRTENG effectively converts human motion into electrical energy. Critically, water‐assisted disassembly enables complete component recovery for reassembly with negligible performance loss, while the recovered substrates can biodegrade within 12 days. Overall, this study provides a sustainable approach to engineer fully flexible, recyclable, and eco‐friendly TENGs for deployment in wearable electronics, decentralized sensing networks, and next‐generation sustainable IoT infrastructures.