Bio-Pd-Mediated In Situ Polymerization of Conjugated Microporous Polymers on Bacterial Surfaces for Biofilm Eradication and Infected Wound Healing.

Abstract

Bacterial biofilms exhibit remarkable resistance to conventional antibiotics and host immune responses, posing a major challenge for the treatment of bacterial infections and infected wounds. Herein, we propose a Bio‑Pd‑driven in‑situ polymerization strategy on bacterial surfaces to fabricate a cationic conjugated microporous polymer (CCMPM) that achieves synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm performance. A mannose-functionalized monomer and a quaternary ammonium-functionalized monomer were rationally designed to enhance bacterial targeting, water solubility, and bacterial membrane affinity. Under Bio-Pd catalysis, the two monomers underwent Sonogashira coupling directly on bacterial surfaces to generate CCMPM in situ. The intimate interactions between CCMPM and bacterial cells effectively shortened the diffusion distance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing photodynamic antibacterial efficacy, while the cationic polymer coating inhibited bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the in situ polymerized CCMPM achieved complete eradication of Escherichia coli under light irradiation and efficiently eliminated biofilm-embedded bacteria. Furthermore, CCMPM significantly accelerated infected wound healing and promoted tissue regeneration without inducing obvious systemic toxicity. This work establishes Bio-Pd-mediated in situ polymerization as an effective strategy for constructing functional conjugated microporous polymers on bacterial surfaces for antibacterial and antibiofilm applications.