2021· Eureka-Unilag· Vol 6, pp. 135-150· 0 citations
Abstract
In this paper, we are exclusively concerned with the part of grammar that deals with the structure of sentences. This is called syntax. Not only the grammatical units of language were explored but the division of selected sentences into constituents (units) was also analyzed. To achieve this feat, sentences were separated into words and finally, words were regrouped on the basis of relationship between them. This paper has gone further to explain how the (agent) or subject of a sentence is identified through grammatical units. The grammatical units were introduced on the hierarchical order [down-up]. The general syntactic framework we have adopted is inspired by the theories of language developed by Noam Chomsky. The choice of this study is based on the assumption that English and French are “closely related and well documented languages” (Tanja et all, 2010:110) and the two (duo) “constitute a minimal pair suitable for micro-comparison (Kayne, 2005). Most learners that were not always comfortable with the syntax and structure of the two languages would be familiar with their components and syntax of English and French languages armed with this work.
This article is devoted to the study of current syntactic processes in the structure of simple sentences, based on the Kyrgyz and German languages. The focus is on complex mechanisms of sentence transformation, such as expansion, complication, combination, and deployment, as well as the processes of addition and inclusion of components. These processes are implemented through the use of determinant members and complex predicative constructions. The paper determines the significant role of optional components in increasing the information content of the utterance. Based on a systematic analysis of linguistic material, a description of general typological features and specific differences between the syntactic systems of the two languages is provided. The results contribute to the development of modern comparative-typological linguistics and the general theory of syntax.
S. Sadykova, G. Bakashova· Bulletin of Science and Prac...· 0 citations
The goal of this manual is to introduce students to the syntactic analysis of English by offering a comprehensive discussion of the core concepts and theoretical assumptions that underlie minimalist syntax. In this book, syntactic operations such as Merge and Agree are systematically linked to the morphosyntactic features that are relevant for English. In addition, they are shown to result in the phrase structure predicted by constituency tests. By exploring the properties and syntactic behaviour of functional categories such as little v, Tense and Complementiser, the manual offers students analytical tools to understand and discuss the grammar underlying basic English sentences. Each unit contains exercises with a key to practise and widen the content and skills covered.
This article examines the linguistic description of compound sentences in modern English linguistics from syntactic, functional, and communicative perspectives. The study analyzes theoretical approaches proposed by prominent linguists such as N. Chomsky, G. Leech, J. Svartvik, R. Quirk, M.A.K. Halliday, R. Huddleston, and G.K. Pullum regarding the structure and formation of compound sentences. Special attention is given to coordination as a syntactic mechanism connecting independent clauses and to the derivational processes underlying the formation of compound constructions. The article explores the semantic, pragmatic, and communicative functions of compound sentences, emphasizing their role in expressing complex thoughts and maintaining coherence in discourse. Comparative observations between English and Uzbek compound sentence structures are also presented, highlighting similarities and differences in coordination, punctuation, and stylistic realization. The findings demonstrate that compound sentences represent an essential component of syntactic organization, allowing speakers to convey interconnected ideas effectively while preserving the independence of individual clauses. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations of compound sentence formation and their significance in contemporary linguistic research.
In this article we want to investigate in how far these verbal forms differ from each other and in how far they are the same. Indoeuropean languages use conjunctions in order to connect sentences with other sentences or clauses, words which give a certain structure to syntax. In agglutinative languages it is verbal suffixes which are giving a certain structure. They are either paticiples, verbal nouns or converbs, depending on the intention of the speaker. This is also the case in Turkish and Tamil being both agglutinative languages. In this contribution we want to investigate in how far the typological similarity influinces grammatical entities, like the syntax when using suffixes that connect sentences or clauses with each other. At the end of this contribution we want to throw a glance at the oppinion of some scientists that I had a discussion about this topic with. Some linguists think that it is logical that agglutinative languages always have a parallel syntax because of the same system, including grammatical morphemes. At the end of this contribution we want to demonstrate that this is not the case at all.The parallel syntax functions only in those places in which speakers want to express the same content. In order to prove this point just a few examples are enough as the examples demonstrate on first sight the difference in the syntactic structure.
W. Scharlipp· Communication and Linguistic...· 0 citations
This study was motivated by the frequent use of sentences with the verb ada that require structural analysis, with the focus of the study directed toward the syntactic function of these sentences The data, consisting of 194 sentences composed by students in an academic context, were selected purposively and analyzed using a descriptive method based on Verhaar’s theory. The results reveal four constructions: N+Va, Va+N, N+Va+Num, and N+Va+N, with the Va+N construction being the most prevalent; verbs ada are always function as predicates and follow an inverted word order (P–S). These sentences are classified as simple and complex sentences with a variety of structural patterns. Furthermore, a shift in the category of the verb ada to an adverb was observed when it co-occurs with numerals, indicating its adaptability as an active element within numeral phrases, rather than merely a passive component, particularly in graded complex clause. This study demonstrates that the syntactic behavior of verbs ada constitutes a movement of verbs in occupying linguistic units at the syntactic level, namely the movement of verbs within grammatical units such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. The implications of these findings include up-to-date guidelines for teaching scientific sentence structure, analyzing academic discourse, and serving as a lexicographical reference to enrich grammatical information on word classes in monolingual Indonesian dictionaries.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya penggunaan kalimat beverba ada yang memerlukan analisis struktural, dengan fokus kajian diarahkan pada fungsi sintaksis kalimat tersebut. Data berupa 194 kalimat yang disusun mahasiswa dalam konteks akademik dipilih secara purposif dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teori Verhaar. Hasil menunjukkan empat konstruksi: N+Va, Va+N, N+Va+Num, dan N+Va+N, yang didominasi konstruksi Va+N; verba ada selalu berfungsi sebagai predikat dan berpola inversi (P–S). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut terklasifikasi dalam kalimat tunggal dan majemuk bertingkat dengan variasi pola yang beragam. Selain itu, ditemukan pergeseran kategori verba ada menjadi adverbia ketika berdampingan dengan numeralia menunjukkan adaptabilitasnya sebagai unsur aktif dalam frasa numeral, bukan sekadar komponen pasif, terutama dalam klausa kompleks bertingkat. Penelitian ini menujukkan perilaku sintaktis verba ada merupakan gerak verba dalam menempati satuan bahasa pada tataran sintaksis, yakni pergerakan verba pada satuan gramatika frasa, klausa, maupun kalimat. Implikasi temuan ini meliputi panduan mutakhir dalam pengajaran struktur kalimat ilmiah, analisis wacana akademik, serta rujukan leksikografi untuk memperkaya informasi gramatikal kelas kata dalam kamus ekabahasa bahasa Indonesia.
Encep Kusumah, Nunung Sitaresmi, Rudi Adi Nugroho M.Pd. et al.· Tabasa Jurnal Bahasa Sastra...· 1 citation
Prefixation is a morphological process which studies how morphemes are affixed in the beginning of their host words for either grammatical functions or for lexical expansion and derivation. This paper investigates aspects of the grammar of prefixation in English and Igbo Languages. It adopts a comparative theoretical framework, so as to identify the morphological similarities and difference in both languages. It also adopts the qualitative design, which gives the description of the data the way they are. The paper adopts both a primary and secondary methods of data collections. The primary data were basically from the native speaker’s competence, the researcher who is a speaker of the Igbo language supplied the necessary data. The secondary data were sourced from textual materials. The analysis shows grammatical and functional similarities and dissimilarities in both languages, as well derivative similarities and dissimilarities in both languages. Prefixes are used in both languages to derive new words, change word classes, but Igbo in additions realise grammatical functions with prefixes. The study of prefixation in both languages greatly reveals common universal principles of human language and at the same time, parametric variations in the languages, showing their uniqueness. The study concludes that prefixation in both languages are morphologically productive, being inflectional in the Igbo language; derivational flexible in both languages, and can as well perform different linguistic functions in both languages. The study notes the selective nature of the paper on instances of prefixation in both languages because of space, and thus, recommends an expanded investigation of the topic; and comparative investigation of other related morphological concepts, such as infixation, interfixation and suffixation in English and Igbo.
Okolo N Patrick, Florence Nne Agwu· World Journal of Advanced Re...· 0 citations