Aug 2026· International Journal of Technology and Emerging Research· 0 citations· 12 references
TL;DR
This review systematically examines the relationship between cloud computing and quantum computing by analyzing their technical differences, capabilities, application areas, current challenges, limitations, and future research directions and indicates that cloud computing will continue to serve as the backbone of modern digital infrastructure, while quantum computing will enhance its capabilities for solving complex computational problems.
Abstract
Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative technology capable of solving complex computational problems beyond the capabilities of classical systems. However, severe hardware limitations, qubit decoherence, and high implementation costs prevent it from replacing classical cloud infrastructure. Instead, cloud and quantum computing are evolving as complementary technologies. Through Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS) and hybrid cloud–quantum architectures, cloud platforms provide scalable infrastructure, data management, and resource orchestration, while quantum processors accelerate specialized computational tasks. This review systematically examines the relationship between cloud computing and quantum computing by analyzing their technical differences, capabilities, application areas, current challenges, limitations, and future research directions. The findings indicate that cloud computing will continue to serve as the backbone of modern digital infrastructure, while quantum computing will enhance its capabilities for solving complex computational problems. Together, these technologies are expected to drive the next generation of intelligent, scalable, and high-performance computing systems.
Keywords: cloud computing; quantum computing; Quantum as a Service (QaaS); Hybrid Cloud–Quantum Architecture; Post-Quantum Security; QMLOps
Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed communication interface architecture achieves reduced communication latency, improved transmission fidelity, enhanced scalability, optimized resource utilization, and stronger security compared with conventional quantum communication approaches.
B. Tejasri, Busa Praneeth, Dr T Anvesh· International Journal of Sci...· 0 citations
Quantum computing has been championed as a ground-breaking technology due to its significant computational advantage over classical computing systems. At present, fault-tolerant, large-scale universal quantum computing remains elusive, and these issues remain central challenges in engineering, physics, and computer science. In theory, quantum advantage offers the potential to make many currently intractable computational problems practically solvable, with profound implications across science, industry, and computing. This paper examines the contemporary case for general-purpose quantum computing and the prevailing challenges that presently prevent its widespread adoption. It surveys the theoretical foundations of computation and quantum mechanics that underpin quantum computers, describes the quantum computational model and a working implementation on IBM's Qiskit platform, and evaluates the persistent barriers of noise, decoherence, and scalability that constrain quantum systems today. We conclude that quantum computing is best positioned, in the near term, as a specialized co-processor rather than a general-purpose replacement for classical computing.
Claude Cockfield, M. Garuba· Open Access Research Journal...· 0 citations
Hybrid Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) present a highly viable pathway to near-term quantum utility; however, their performance is fundamentally bottlenecked by classical-quantum communication latency in Quantumas-a-Service (QaaS) environments.
This paper proposes an optimized classical-quantum orchestration architecture designed to minimize cloud-induced latency and maximize Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) active compute time. By implementing edge-colocated classical optimizers alongside batched parameter-shift gradient evaluations, the system circumvents stateless cloud API barriers.
Benchmarking across parameterized quantum circuits ranging from 15 to 50 qubits demonstrates an 84% reduction in network-induced QPU idle time. The framework yields a 3.2 × speedup in overall convergence time for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and up to a 98% reduction in classical API call overhead compared to standard RESTful QaaS execution models.
These quantitative findings demonstrate that tightly coupled hybrid co-processing, physically adjacent to the control electronics, is critical for extending the computational bound of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices.
Akshay Joseph, R. Delhibabu· Frontiers of Computer Scienc...· 0 citations
Cloud-accessible quantum computing has made hardware comparison not only a physics benchmark but also a practical purchasing decision. Cost-aware comparison of quantum computers remains underexplored and is difficult to do under the heterogeneous billing models offered by various cloud-based quantum computing providers. This paper makes two main contributions to enable price-aware comparison of quantum computers. First, this work presents a cross-provider measurement study of quantum circuit execution fidelity spanning 14 cloud QPU access-path entries (12 distinct physical QPUs) across four cloud access paths: Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud, IBM Quantum Runtime (IBM) cloud, IQM Resonance (IQM) cloud, and Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC) cloud. Second, this work proposes and analyzes a cost-aware score, Quantum Fidelity-per-Cost (QFC), which combines Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence from an ideal output distribution, shot count, and monetary cost into one possible metric under a documented billing model. The main empirical observation from this work is that cost-aware ranking can differ from purely fidelity-based evaluation of quantum computers, and that users may select different quantum computing backends when they consider price in their selection, as opposed to selection based on fidelity alone. This work shows that the ranking is stable under reweighting of the metric, and that a device's billing model, not its hardware, governs how its score scales with shot count. Reported QFC values change as new machines come online or as providers revise their prices.
With the exponentially increasing global data volumes it is challenging to meet the ultra-low latency requirements of the next-generation sophisticated applications using the existing computing resources. Though multiple existing methods and approaches such as edge-and-cloud computing, high performance computing (HPC), and specialized accelerators address the processing of voluminous data they suffer from numerous drawbacks. Some of them includes higher power consumption, expensive installation process, and lack of data privacy mechanisms. Quantum computing due to its inherent properties such as entanglement, and superposition becomes an ideal candidate for processing high-dimensional as well as exponentially growing data requirements. However, majority of the existing quantum computing researches focus on the individualized circuit implementation. But the modular quantum testbed is integral to systematic circuit analysis within emerging quantum computing architectures. In this paper, we propose Python based multi-layered quantum testbed that integrates modular circuit construction, simulation, and measurement analysis. Additionally, this paper includes preliminary arithmetic results from our testbed besides including a comparison between classical and quantum computational algorithms. This testbed will lay a solid foundation towards building a sophisticated quantum architectures for security related applications.
Daniel C. Colon-Rivera, Juan D. Guadalupe-Rosado, Venkataramani Kumar et al.· National Aerospace and Elect...· 0 citations
Frontiers of Intelligent Computing and Cyber Technologies – Volume IV: Quantum Computing, Cryptography, and Network Technologies explores the rapidly evolving technologies that are transforming secure digital communication and next-generation computing. This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to quantum computing principles, quantum algorithms, cryptographic techniques, post-quantum security, and advanced network technologies. It explains how quantum computing is reshaping computational capabilities while addressing the growing need for secure communication in the digital era. Readers will gain insights into network architectures, secure communication protocols, cloud networking, blockchain security, and emerging cybersecurity challenges. Through practical examples, real-world applications, and contemporary case studies, the book bridges theoretical concepts with industry practices. Designed for students, researchers, academicians, and technology professionals, this volume serves as a valuable resource for understanding modern computing paradigms and developing secure, intelligent, and scalable digital infrastructures for the future.
