Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Agroklimat Tanaman Kopi Robusta pada Kondisi Rata-Rata dan Tahun El Nino di Kabupaten Lampung Barat

Abstract

El Nino has the potential to alter the agroclimatic land suitability of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) through reduced rainfall and prolonged dry periods. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of agroclimatic land suitability for Robusta coffee in West Lampung Regency under long term average conditions (1995–2024) and during El Nino years within the same period. Land suitability was evaluated using an equal-weight scoring method based on six parameters: air temperature, rainfall, dry-month length, relative humidity, slope, and soil texture, following the criteria of Ritung et al. (2011) and Puslitkoka (2014), using a geographic information system (GIS). Under average conditions, the study area was dominated by the Moderately Suitable class (S2, 77.0%), followed by the Highly Suitable class (S1, 18.1%) and the Marginally Suitable class (S3, 4.9%), with no Not Suitable (N) areas. During the strong El Nino years of 1997 and 2015, the S3 class increased to 26.5% and 23.0%, respectively, while the S2 class decreased to 70.7% and 74.3%, respectively. These changes were mainly driven by rainfall and dry month suitability, while temperature and relative humidity remained relatively stable across conditions. This study confirms that El Nino driven changes in Robusta coffee land suitability are primarily controlled by water availability parameters.