General practitioners’ perspectives on increasing cancer screening uptake in Latvia: A qualitative study

Abstract

Suboptimal participation in cancer screening (CS) programmes presents global challenges, including delayed diagnoses and negative health and socioeconomic impacts. This study explored general practitioners' (GPs') views on promoting CS through 26 semi-structured interviews (22 valid) in Latvia (August – October 2024). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Key themes included patient engagement, responsibility for CS, barriers for GPs in promoting CS, monitoring methods, methods of communication, patient reactions, factors influencing CS uptake, and promotion strategies. The study revealed patients' limited self-initiative in CS, with varied but generally positive attitudes and responsiveness when invited. Most GPs perceived themselves as responsible for promoting CS participation but emphasised limited capacity and inefficient health data systems as key barriers. Engagement in CS was perceived to be dependent on sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, as well as external factors such as informing, inviting, reminding, and accessibility. Suggested improvements included (1) public education and (2) nudging through reminders/informational nudges and reducing screening effort. To improve CS uptake in Latvia, addressing barriers – enhancing health data systems and increasing practice capacity – is essential. Further research should assess the cost-effectiveness of specific interventions.