Organic Nanoagriculture: The Use of Natural Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture
Abstract
The increase in global population and subsequent demand for food have led to intensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture to maximize productivity, triggering serious environmental consequences. In response to these challenges, organic farming is a viable alternative based on methods that promote natural resource conservation. However, a major challenge to its use is lower yields, limiting large-scale adoption. In this context, nanotechnology is an innovative tool capable of enhancing organic agricultural production through naturally derived nanomaterials such as nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and soil amendments. The following review aims to analyze these naturally derived nanomaterials and assess their capacity to increase crop yields. This will determine whether these innovations can enable organic agriculture to achieve higher production levels. Additionally, there is the presentation of examples of commercially available naturally derived nanomaterials. This is followed by an examination of safety studies showing a variety of toxicological and ecotoxicological effects. Finally, an examination of regulatory frameworks related to nanomaterials reveals a lack of standardized regulations and permissions, creating uncertainty and delays in adopting new nanotechnologies in the organic agricultural sector. Naturally derived nanomaterials have the potential to enhance productivity indicators. However, it is crucial to promote international standards for regulatory permissions. It is only then that progress can be made toward the use of nanotechnology for a more efficient, ecological, and sustainable agriculture for the future.