Latest findings on complications following trans- catheter aortic valve replacement: A literature review

Abstract

Background Severe aortic stenosis (As) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has expanded across surgical risk groups. However, procedure-related complications remain clinically important, and their reported incidence and management have evolved with newer-generation devices and techniques. This review summarizes major TAVR complications, including their incidence and pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical impact, prevention and management, and outlines remaining knowledge gaps. Materials and methods A structured narrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between 2012 and 2026, including randomized trials, registries, cohort studies, and systematic reviews. Results Major complications reviewed included Stroke, Delirium, Conduction disturbances (CD) and Arrhythmias, Bleeding/Vascular(access) site injuries/Paravalvular leak (PVL), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Structural valve degeneration and thrombosis, Infective Endocarditis (IE) and Coronary Obstruction (CO). Conclusions TAVR complications remain multifactorial, and their incidence and management continue to shift with device evolution and procedural experience. Optimized patient selection, procedural refinement, frailty assessment, and individualized antithrombotic strategies remain important areas for improving outcomes.