Energy-Aware Receiver-initiated MAC Protocol for Energy Harvesting IoT
TL;DR
This paper presents an energy-aware receiver-initiated MAC protocol for EH-IoT devices, called EARI-MAC, that adjusts the duty cycle of the receiver device based on stored energy and current harvesting power using the mathematical formulation to support sustained receiver operation under low EH conditions and improved application performance when harvested energy is abundant.
Abstract
Energy harvesting (EH) technology has emerged as a key approach for extending the operational autonomy of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this context, medium access control (MAC) protocols for EH-IoT make use of the harvested energy efficiently to enhance the application performance. However, many existing MAC protocols rely on stored energy the battery in devising energy-aware strategies, which can interrupt the device operation and hinder the execution of ongoing tasks in dynamic and low EH conditions. To address this, this paper presents an energy-aware receiver-initiated MAC protocol for EH-IoT devices, called EARI-MAC, that adjusts the duty cycle of the receiver device based on stored energy and current harvesting power using the mathematical formulation. This approach supports sustained receiver operation under low EH conditions and improved application performance when harvested energy is abundant. The performance of the EARI-MAC has been evaluated in simulation using the real solar data gathered in Novi Sad, for three consecutive days. The simulation results demonstrate that the EARI-MAC utilizes the available energy resources efficiently and improves the packet delivery ratio and network throughput by more than 10%, reduces the receiver energy consumption by 5.6% and 8.2% and energy consumption per bit by 9.6% and 13.9% compared with QPPD-MAC and energy-unaware MAC, respectively.