Hybrid photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator renewable energy systems-a comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis

Abstract

Advancing renewable energy sources is crucial to meeting the growing energy demand. Solar energy conversion systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells and thermoelectric generators (TEG), play a significant role in addressing this need. PV systems primarily convert visible and ultraviolet (UV) light from sunlight, while TEGs utilize the infrared (IR) spectrum to generate electrical energy. Combining PV systems with TEGs allows for more comprehensive utilization of the solar spectrum, resulting in improved energy production. Recent research has focused on PV/TEGs hybrid generation systems (HGSs) to boost conversion efficiency. By harnessing the heat released from the PV system, TEGs can enhance the hybrid system’s overall power output and efficiency, potentially leading to superior performance. However, integrating these systems presents challenges due to their differing characteristics. This review aims to explain the fundamental principles of PV and thermoelectric generators, analyze recent research findings in enhancing this hybrid system’s performance, and explore various approaches to optimizing the performance of these hybrid systems. In sum, a review of previous works shows compelling evidence for integration between PV and TEG. For instance, previous works have demonstrated overall efficiency gains of 7.33%–32.09%. Furthermore, reported results confirm that TEG integration can reduce PV operating temperature while generating additional power from waste heat. An assessment of a PV-TEG system using real-world data reveals a 6% improvement in energy output compared to standalone PV systems. In addition, the phase change material can mitigate fluctuating solar irradiation, resulting in an enhancement of daily overall efficiency 25.55%–26.57%.