New solutions to the problem of demineralization of hard dental tissues

Abstract

Demineralization of hard dental tissues is the cause of a whole range of dental diseases. At the initial stage, demineralization is completely reversible with the help of various agents stimulating the reverse process – remineralization. Currently, various forms of hydroxyapatite, which is the main mineral component of tooth enamel and dentin, are widely used in oral hygiene products for this purpose. Of particular interest is the high remineralizing potential of hydroxyapatite in the form of nanoparticles in combination with the amino acid arginine. The study examined the effectiveness of three toothpastes with different concentrations of components of nanohydroxyapatite + arginine complex; the results were compared with each other, as well as with toothpaste containing only fluoride. The most efficient improvement in the study has been shown with the formula of 2 % nanohydroxyapatite, 1,5 % arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride. This toothpaste composition delivered effective occlusion of the open dental tubules and formation of a protective mineral layer on the dentin surface after single use. Clinical indices showed improvement in patients’ tooth enamel resistance to acid at 57,3 % and reduction in tooth sensitivity at 58,8 % after 28 days of use. These effects of the studied combinations are of great practical interest in the prevention and treatment of demineralization of hard dental tissues and its sequela.