Air Filtration Technology in Reducing the Risk of Public Health Disorders

Health effects of air pollution on chronic respiratory diseases

Exposure to both outdoor and indoor air pollution poses significant global public health challenges at all life stages. As the respiratory system serves as the primary entry route for inhaled pollutants, extensive evidence has demonstrated the detrimental effects of various air pollutants on respiratory health. Air pollution is a well-established risk factor for the development, exacerbation, and mortality of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence linking air pollution to the incidence and progression of CRDs and examines the impact of air quality control interventions. With the growing recognition that air pollution is a potentially preventable risk factor contributing to high morbidity and mortality, increasing attention has been directed toward protective strategies. We discuss the recent evidence on non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing air pollution exposure, both at the individual and social levels, and emphasize the ongoing need for integrated efforts to improve air quality and respiratory health.

Impact of Indoor Air Pollution on Occupational Exposure: Rethinking the Major Health Threat for Airport Workers

(1) Background: Airports workers are exposed to a mixture of airborne pollutants generated by aircraft operations, ground support equipment, road traffic, and indoor microenvironments. Indoor air quality, influenced by outdoor pollutant and ventilation dynamics, represents an important, but overlooked determinant of occupational exposure. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic responses, affecting not only the respiratory system, but also other organs. (2) Methods: This review examines the health effects of occupational exposure among airport workers, with emphasis on indoor air pollution besides aircraft engine emissions. Studies addressing exposure characterization, biological effects, biomarkers, and risk management strategies were critically evaluated. (3) Results: Occupational exposure is driven by both combustion-derived pollutants and indoor–outdoor air exchange processes. Ultrafine particles, black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace metals contribute to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and xenobiotic pathway activation. Monitoring indoor microclimatic parameters, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity, may facilitate the identification of event-related deterioration in indoor air quality. (4) Conclusions: Indoor air pollution should be recognized as a key component of airport occupational exposure. Integrating indoor/outdoor air quality monitoring and biomarker-based surveillance may improve risk assessment and support more effective protection of airport workers, while advanced predictive tools, including AI-based exposure modelling, represent a promising direction that still requires dedicated validation.

Significance of Inhaled Particulate Matter and Volatile Compounds with their Related Effects on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: A Review

Air pollution poses a significant global public health concern, with previous studies linking respiratory infections (RI) to exposure to air pollutants. The health consequences of air pollution vary according to the composition and sources of pollutants, which differ from country to country, season to season, and time to time. Air pollutants include outdoor ambient air pollutants, such as particulate matter, ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and lead (Pb), and indoor pollutants such as CO, NO2, PM2.5, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Particulate matter in ambient air is a major air pollutant, consisting of a combination of particles of varying sizes and chemical constituents. This review examines the association between respiratory diseases and air pollutants, with a particular focus on PM2.5 and other occupational air pollutants. Furthermore, the review elaborates on the interlink between air pollutants and virus transmission, especially SARS-CoV-1 (SARS), during the recent pandemic. To conclude, this review addresses the existing knowledge gap and recommends crucial avenues for further investigation.

Indoor air pollution from cooking: emission characteristics, exposure risks, and health implications

Cooking is an indispensable activity in daily life and one of the major sources of indoor air pollution. Pollutants generated during cooking, including particulate matter (PM), ultrafine particles (UFPs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbonyl compounds, black carbon (BC), and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), may pose potential health risks through inhalation exposure. In recent years, advances in monitoring technologies and health risk assessment methodologies have led to increasing attention being paid to the environmental behavior and health effects of cooking emissions. This review systematically examines the effects of different cooking methods, cooking materials, cooking fuels, and cooking environments on pollutant emission characteristics and associated human health risks. Current evidence indicates that high-temperature cooking processes, particularly deep-frying and grilling, generally generate higher levels of PM and organic pollutants. The fatty acid composition of cooking oils and the biochemical precursors present in food ingredients fundamentally determine the chemical reaction pathways and risk profiles of cooking emissions. Traditional biomass and solid fuels are associated with substantially higher pollutant emissions and health risks than cleaner energy sources such as natural gas and electricity. In addition, ventilation conditions, spatial configurations, and cooking scenarios further influence pollutant dispersion and human exposure levels. Existing studies suggest that long-term exposure to cooking emissions may induce oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and genotoxic effects, and is associated with increased risks of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Based on the available evidence, this review proposes a series of evidence-based recommendations and practical mitigation measures aimed at reducing exposure risks and promoting healthier cooking practices. Finally, the major findings are summarized, current research limitations are identified, and future directions for the development of safer cooking technologies and public health policies are discussed.

Air Quality Monitoring Technology and Its Benefits for Public Health in Indonesia

IoT-based air quality monitoring technology has proven effective, accurate, and accessible, making it useful in preventing the impact of air pollution on public health.

Diesel NOx emissions and public health: Linking combustion sources, atmospheric transformation, and human exposure