ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HEAVY METALS IN ELECTRONIC WASTE: ECOSYSTEM RISKS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF REVERSE LOGISTICS

Abstract

The accelerated growth in the consumption of electrical and electronic equipment has intensified the generation of electronic waste, commonly known as e-waste. When improperly disposed of, these residues represent a significant threat to the environment due to the presence of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, and chromium. Such elements can contaminate soil, water resources, and living organisms, compromising ecosystem balance. This article aims to analyze the environmental impacts caused by heavy metals in electronic waste, highlighting ecological risks, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and the importance of reverse logistics as an environmental mitigation tool. The adopted methodology consists of a literature review based on recent publications, technical reports, environmental legislation, and scientific studies on electrical and electronic waste. The results indicate that inadequate e-waste management amplifies the risks of environmental contamination and reinforces the need for educational actions, public policies, formal recycling, and the implementation of efficient reverse logistics systems. It is concluded that the correct disposal of electronic waste is essential for ecosystem protection and the construction of a sustainable environmental culture.