DETERMINANTS OF IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY: A SCOPING REVIEW OF PATIENT AND HOSPITAL-RELATED FACTORS
Abstract
In-hospital mortality is an important indicator of quality of care and patient safety. This scoping review aimed to map patient and hospital related factors associated with mortality during hospitalization. The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR using the Population–Concept–Context framework. ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language studies published between 2016 and 2026. Of 446 records identified, 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. Frequently reported patient-related factors included older age, comorbidity, disease severity, acute physiological instability, infection, organ dysfunction, postoperative complications, obesity, and medication-related risks. Hospital-related factors included prolonged emergency department stay, staffed-bed availability, critical care capacity, emergency surgery, and delayed escalation of care. In-hospital mortality is shaped by the interaction between patient vulnerability and the hospital’s capacity to provide timely and effective care. ABSTRAK Mortalitas rawat inap merupakan indikator penting mutu pelayanan dan keselamatan pasien. Scoping review ini bertujuan memetakan faktor pasien dan faktor rumah sakit yang berkaitan dengan mortalitas selama perawatan. Kajian mengikuti metodologi Joanna Briggs Institute dan PRISMA-ScR dengan kerangka Population-Concept-Context. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui ScienceDirect, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel berbahasa Inggris terbitan 2016–2026. Dari 446 artikel yang ditemukan, 10 studi memenuhi kriteria. Faktor pasien yang sering dilaporkan meliputi usia lanjut, komorbiditas, keparahan penyakit, gangguan fisiologis akut, infeksi, disfungsi organ, komplikasi pascaoperasi, obesitas, dan risiko terkait obat. Faktor rumah sakit meliputi lama tinggal di instalasi gawat darurat, ketersediaan tempat tidur, kapasitas perawatan intensif, operasi emergensi, dan keterlambatan eskalasi pelayanan. Mortalitas rawat inap dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara kerentanan pasien dan kemampuan rumah sakit memberikan pelayanan yang tepat waktu dan efektif.