Reimagining social prescribing for climate-resilient and equitable urban health systems

Abstract

Abstract Background Social prescribing is used to support health through community activities. However, its role in climate resilience, reducing inequalities, and improving urban health systems is not fully developed. With increasing urban living and climate risks, it is important to rethink social prescribing beyond individual wellbeing. Methods This study used a narrative review and policy analysis of literature from 2021 to 2026. It examined social prescribing, environmental health, health equity, and urban systems. Evidence was analysed across service delivery models, environmental interventions (including green social prescribing), health inequalities, and urban infrastructure to develop a conceptual framework. Results Social prescribing can improve wellbeing, especially through nature-based interventions, with some evidence showing long-term benefits. However, access is uneven, with disadvantaged groups less likely to benefit. There are also gaps in coordination between health, community, and environmental services. While green social prescribing supports mental health, its link to climate action is not yet clear. Conclusions Social prescribing can support climate resilience and reduce inequalities if it is part of joined-up urban systems. It should be included in urban planning and climate policy, with better access and investment to improve public health outcomes. Key messages • Social prescribing can support climate resilience and health equity when embedded within inclusive, integrated urban health systems rather than delivered in isolation. • Integrating health, environmental and community systems can transform social prescribing into a scalable, innovative strategy for resilient and equitable urban public health.