Screen‐Printed Electrode‐Based Biosensors for POCT and Wearable Applications: A Review

Abstract

The growing demand for rapid, decentralized, and continuous health monitoring is driving the development of point‐of‐care testing (POCT) and wearable biosensing technologies. Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a leading platform owing to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and compatibility with miniaturized systems. Among these, screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) offer distinct advantages, including low cost, scalable fabrication, and facile integration into portable devices. This mini‐review summarizes recent advances in SPE‐based electrochemical biosensors, focusing on fabrication strategies, surface modification approaches, and emerging biomedical applications. The incorporation of functional materials has significantly improved analytical performance, enabling sensitive and selective detection of diverse biomarkers—from small molecules and ions to hormones, proteins, and nucleic acids—in biofluids such as blood, sweat, and interstitial fluid (ISF). These developments have facilitated practical implementations in POCT and wearable systems. Current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, including scalable manufacturing, long‐term operational stability, and system‐level integration. This review provides a concise overview of recent progress and highlights opportunities for advancing next‐generation portable and wearable biosensing platforms.