Aug 2026· International Journal of Cancer· 0 citations· 56 references
Medicine
TL;DR
RCS analyses identified nonlinear associations between fruit intake and the risks of overall and lung cancer, with the protective associations becoming less pronounced at excessive intake levels.
Abstract
Although previous cohort studies have examined the association between vegetable and fruit intake and cancer risk, the findings remain inconsistent. Using data from 50,987 participants in the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (2016 to 2019), we investigated the relationship between vegetable and fruit intake and the incidence of cancers through linkage with the cancer registry up to June 30, 2024. Participants in the highest quartile of total vegetable and fruit intake had a lower risk of overall cancer (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90), with similar inverse associations observed for vegetables and fruits separately. Higher intake was also associated with lower risks of lung and stomach cancers, whereas no associations were observed for colorectal cancer. In continuous analyses, each SD increase in total vegetable and fruit intake was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97), and the findings were generally consistent with those from quartile-based analyses. In subgroup analyses, these inverse associations were observed among participants with favorable lifestyles and health conditions. RCS analyses identified nonlinear associations between fruit intake and the risks of overall and lung cancer, with the protective associations becoming less pronounced at excessive intake levels.
Results suggest that total consumption of fruits and vegetables is not related to risk of RCC, although the possibility that very low consumption is related to higher risk is not excluded, although the possibility that very low consumption is related to higher risk is not.
S. Weikert, H. Boeing, T. Pischon et al.· 0 citations
Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin intake may be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, yet prospective studies on CRC incidence and mortality remain limited. We therefore investigated the associations between vitamin intake and CRC incidence and mortality in a large cohort of US adults.
We included 101,692 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Vitamin intake (including dietary and supplement sources) was assessed using the Dietary History Questionnaire based on the USDA 1994–1996 survey and the University of Minnesota Nutrition Data System for Research. Prospective associations with CRC incidence and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Restricted cubic spline regression was applied to evaluate potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential effect modifiers of CRC incidence and mortality.
During 896,655 person-years of follow-up (mean 8.82 years), 1,085 participants were diagnosed with CRC, and 529 CRC deaths occurred during 1,533,506 person-years of follow-up (mean 15.08 years). In fully adjusted models, higher intakes of vitamin A (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60–0.93;
P
-trend = 0.005), vitamin B6 (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90;
P
-trend = 0.015), vitamin D (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93;
P
-trend = 0.022), and vitamin E (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.97;
P
-trend = 0.008) were significantly associated with a lower incidence of CRC. In addition, higher intakes of vitamins A, B6, and C were significantly associated with reduced CRC mortality. No significant associations were observed for vitamin B12 with CRC incidence and mortality. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings.
In conclusion, higher intake of vitamins A, B6, C, D, and E is associated with an decreased risk of CRC incidence and mortality. Appropriate vitamin intake may represent a modifiable factor for the primary prevention of CRC.
Le-Lan Gong, Qi-Wu, Geng-Xue et al.· Frontiers in Nutrition· 0 citations
There was little evidence of an overall association between alcohol intake and stomach cancer risk, although modest positive associations were observed among never smokers and in Asian cohorts.
H. Jayasekara, Mo-Lin Wang, Yang Peng et al.· JNCI Cancer Spectrum· 0 citations
Coffee may influence colorectal cancer (CRC) survival, but prior studies had limited generalizability. We analyzed 1,098 participants from the Multiethnic Cohort study diagnosed with CRC between 1993–2008 who completed a food frequency questionnaire after diagnosis and were followed through 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine coffee (total, caffeinated, decaffeinated) in relation to all-cause and CRC-specific mortality. Secondarily, we examined caffeine intake and explored associations by race and ethnicity. Overall, coffee intake was not associated with risk of mortality. However, decaffeinated coffee was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR ≥1 vs. 0 cups/day: 0.71; 95% CI [0.55 – 0.91]). Additionally, associations were observed between total and caffeinated coffee in relation to all-cause mortality among Native Hawaiian participants (HR per 1 cup/day: 0.62 [0.41 – 0.94] and 0.55 [0.31 – 0.97], respectively); and with CRC-specific mortality among White participants (HR per 1 cup/day: 0.48 [0.25–0.94] and 0.45 [0.23 – 0.90], respectively). In the total cohort, caffeine intake was associated with 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile: 0.78 [0.62—0.99]) and 52% lower risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR 0.48 [0.27—0.87]). Overall, coffee intake after CRC diagnosis was not associated with all-cause or CRC-specific mortality. Decaffeinated coffee was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, and caffeine was associated with lower risk of all-cause and CRC-specific mortality.
Kathryn R. K. Benson, Irina Tolstykh, June M. Chan et al.· Cancer Causes and Control· 0 citations
Insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits is a major modifiable risk factor for diet-related diseases worldwide. This study evaluated the intake patterns and associated factors among Hong Kong adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2024–2025. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and dietary habits were collected from adults aged 18 and above. The primary outcomes were insufficient vegetable intake and insufficient fruit intake, defined as not meeting the recommended daily intake for vegetables and fruits, respectively. Associations were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Among 4,290 participants (mean age 41.64 years; 60.6% female), the prevalence of insufficient intake was 78.1% (
n
= 3,350) for vegetables and 82.4% (
n
= 3,534) for fruits. In multivariable analysis, male gender was positively associated with both insufficient vegetable intake (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.204, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.783–2.726,
p
< 0.001) and insufficient fruit intake (aOR = 1.665, 95% CI: 1.307–2.120,
p
< 0.001). Sufficient physical activity was negatively associated with insufficient vegetable intake (aOR = 0.624, 95% CI: 0.520–0.748,
p
< 0.001) and insufficient fruit intake (aOR = 0.556, 95% CI: 0.455–0.680,
p
< 0.001). Furthermore, older age (aOR = 0.991, 95% CI: 0.983–0.999,
p
= 0.033) was negatively associated with insufficient vegetable intake, although the effect size was small. For fruit intake specifically, tertiary education (aOR = 1.814, 95% CI: 1.107–2.973,
p
= 0.018) and smoking (aOR = 1.617, 95% CI: 1.239–2.111,
p
< 0.001) were associated with higher odds of insufficient fruit intake. Most adults in Hong Kong consumed vegetables and fruits below recommended levels. Insufficient intake was associated with gender, physical activity, education level, and smoking status. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions, particularly for men and individuals with insufficient physical activity. Nutrition education should be integrated with broader health promotion strategies that encourage physical activity and support smoking cessation.
Jun-Jie Huang, Zhaojun Li, Ze-Huan Yang et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
Fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease bladder cancer risk, but research on its relation to outcomes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is scarce. We investigated the association of (changes in) pre- and postdiagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as postdiagnosis dietary and plasma carotenoids, with risks of recurrence and progression in patients with NMIBC. Data from patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC between 2014 and 2021 from the prospective multi-centre cohort UroLife was used. Patients reported prediagnosis diet (n = 1396), and diet at 3 and 15 months postdiagnosis (n = 1270). Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured at 3 and 15 months postdiagnosis (n = 910). Multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess associations with risks of first recurrence, multiple recurrences, and progression. Median follow-up time was 4.7 years, 466 patients had at least one recurrence, 139 had multiple recurrences, and 153 showed progression. Total fruit and vegetable consumption at 3 months postdiagnosis as well as pre-to-postdiagnosis increases in consumption were inversely associated with first recurrence risk (per 100 g/day: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval ([95%CI] 0.85–0.99 and HR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.81–0.99, respectively). Results were attenuated at 15 months after diagnosis. Total and individual dietary and plasma carotenoids were not associated with first recurrence risk. No associations with multiple recurrences and progression, and for prediagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption were found. Higher postdiagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption may have a beneficial role in NMIBC recurrence but not progression risk while no associations for dietary and plasma carotenoids were found.
A. Vrieling, Joann Kiebach, M. Balvers et al.· European Journal of Nutritio...· 0 citations
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