Conceptual Design for Uncrewed Combat Aircraft through a Modular Low-Fidelity MDO Workflow

Abstract

Abstract. An automated Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) process has been developed to support the conceptual design of uncrewed combat aircraft. This methodology integrates low-fidelity simulations to enable fast design space exploration, facilitating informed trade-offs between key engineering disciplines such as aerodynamics, weight estimation, and propulsion. It was chosen as the validation exercise a typical aircraft configuration for Loyal Wingman class, also in view to explore the design space of baseline configuration reflecting platform as Kratos XQ-58A, Boeing MQ-28, and others, Among the investigated layouts, the V-tail merged as a promising layout, offering maneuverability, scalable payload capacity, and low radar observability.The process architecture foresees to start with the parametric CAD modeling of a conceptual configuration (e.g., V-tail). Geometry is automatically generated through scripting based on modifiable input variables, ensuring real-time synchronization with analytical modules. This tight integration allows for continuous geometry control and significantly reduces iteration time. The overall architecture is modular: each block (aerodynamics, weights, propulsion, etc.) is independent and replaceable, allowing seamless updates or substitutions without disrupting the full system. The workflow can incorporate commercial tools, open-source software, or in-house developments. A key advantage lies in the system’s ability to perform multi-objective optimization via automated Design of Experiments (DoE). Results are evaluated using performance indicators (KPIs), enabling the identification of an optimized baseline configuration consistent with project constraints. Compared to traditional approaches, this solution offers: wide design space exploration in short timeframes, minimal computational requirements (workstation-executable), immediate readiness for configurational multi-objective trade-off analysis and sensitivity mapping. The workflow is structured to feed into high-fidelity design phases, ensuring continuity between conceptual and preliminary design while reducing data loss and transition time.