An IoT-Enabled Intelligent Greenhouse Management System for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Conventional greenhouse farming depends heavily on manual supervision to regulate ambient microclimates, often leading to sub-optimal yields, resource mismanagement and high labor costs. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-driven smart greenhouse monitoring and closed-loop control system utilizing a coordinated dual-microcontroller architecture (ATmega328P Arduino Uno and ESP8266 Node MCU). The system continuously samples ambient temperature and relative humidity by DHT22 sensor, air quality index (AQI) by MQ135 sensor and irrigation management by using soil moisture sensors. Data is locally displayed on LCD and transmitted over Wi-Fi to the Blynk IoT cloud platform. Automated actuation controls a submersible DC water pump for threshold-based irrigation, an exhaust fan for thermo-hygrometric regulation, an SG90 servo-actuated ventilation triggered by excessive gas and IR-based automated gate control by the servo motor. An automated cloud-triggered email notification system delivers audible push alerts to mobile end-users during anomalous threshold breaches.