Genome Editing as a Tool of Modern Biotechnology

Abstract

Genome editing is one of the most important advances in modern biotechnology. Unlike classical genetic modification, which introduces foreign DNA into the genome, genome editing enables precise changes to an organism's own DNA, including targeted deletions, insertions, and substitutions. This review summarizes the development of genome editing, its main molecular principles and applications, current detection methods and their limitations, and its regulatory status in different countries.