Tetrandrine nanocrystals for rheumatoid arthritis: enhanced therapeutic efficacy associated with reduced JAK1 and STAT3 expression.

Opening Avenues for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment via Transdermal Application of Microneedles: Progress so far and Future Outlook.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a global prevalence of 0.5% to 2%, causing serious impairment and early mortality. Presently approved therapeutics comprising non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), corticosteroids, etc. only lower p...

Natural Polysaccharides for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy: Mechanism, Drug Delivery and Clinical Application.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily by chronic synovitis. Clinically, RA manifests as joint pain, swelling, and functional impairment caused by persistent synovial inflammation. Additionally, RA can involve vital organs, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems...

Folate-modified liposomal celastrol for rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic efficacy and modulation of ROS/NF-κB/COX-2-related inflammatory signaling

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by severe synovial inflammation, joint deformities, and progressive tissue destruction. Celastrol (Cel), a natural triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, is a promising therapeutic candidate for RA; however, its a...

Peedanil Gold attenuates IL-6-mediated articular pathologies in a collagen antibody-induced murine model of rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a globally prevalent, chronic, systemic disorder of articular joints, with an auto-immune etiology, which eventually leads to physical disability. Peedanil Gold (PG), an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral medicine, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro assays. Furthermor...

Development and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin and Methotrexate Inclusion Complex-Based Nanogel for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cepharanthine improves rheumatoid arthritis by regulating functions of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophage polarization.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive bone erosion, and cartilage destruction. Although conventional treatments relieve clinical symptoms, their long-term application is frequently limited by severe side effects. Cepharanthine, a natural alka...