Peran Kepemilikan Manajerial sebagai Moderasi dalam Determinasi Financial Distress oleh Kinerja Keuangan dan Kapasitas Operasi

Abstract

As a crisis phase preceding bankruptcy, financial distress is characterized by a company’s failure to repay its maturing debt, a situation that can be triggered by various factors. This study was conducted to examine the impact of financial performance and operational capacity on financial distress, with managerial ownership serving as a moderator. The research focused on companies in the raw materials sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. Proxies for financial performance included the current ratio, return on assets, inventory turnover, and interest coverage ratio. Meanwhile, total assets turnover was used to assess operational capacity, and the Altman Z-score model was applied as a measure of financial distress. A quantitative approach was applied in this study. Through purposive sampling, 238 observations were collected from 51 companies based on their annual financial reports. Panel data regression was performed using Eviews 12 software with a fixed-effects model. The research findings confirm a negative effect of the current ratio and a positive effect of inventory turnover on financial distress, while return on assets, the interest coverage ratio, and total assets turnover do not have a significant effect. Regarding moderating variables, managerial ownership alone is able to strengthen the relationship between the current ratio and financial distress, but is not able to moderate the effects of other independent variables namely, return on assets, inventory turnover, interest coverage ratio, and total assets turnover on financial distress