Phyllodes tumor in an adolescent: case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Phyllodes tumor is a rare fibroepithelial breast neoplasm condition, particularly uncommon in adolescents. Its differentiation from benign fibroadenomas is challenging, and a definitive diagnosis relies on surgical excision. Conservative surgical approaches are preferred in pediatric patients to minimize long-term effects on breast development. Case report: A 13-year-old female presented with a rapidly growing right breast mass. Physical examination demonstrated a mobile, fibroelastic mass of approximately 7 cm, without associated palpable lymphadenopathy. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, identified a well-circumscribed, oval, solid-cystic lesion measuring 6.0×5.1×3.6 cm, with heterogeneous enhancement. No abnormal lymph nodes were observed. The patient underwent surgical excision (nodulectomy) and did not receive adjuvant therapy thereafter. Histopathological analysis confirmed a benign phyllodes tumor, measuring 12.0×7.5×2.0 cm, with clear margins and no signs of malignancy. Discussion: The present case report demonstrates the rarity and difficulty of diagnosing phyllodes tumor, especially in an adolescent patient, an age group in which this condition is even rarer. The success of conservative and effective surgical management is encouraging, given the importance of the most conservative approach possible in a patient whose breasts are still developing, and may serve as a guide for similar cases in the future.