Clinical Comparison of PRF Membrane And Microneedling-Assisted Vitamin C As Adjuncts To Laser Therapy in The Management of Gingival Hyperpigmentation

Abstract

Background: Physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation is a common esthetic concern caused by excessive melanin deposition within the gingival epithelium. Laser-assisted gingival depigmentation is an effective treatment modality, and adjuncts such as Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and microneedling-assisted Vitamin C may further improve healing and clinical outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of laser-assisted gingival depigmentation combined with PRF membrane and laser-assisted depigmentation combined with microneedling-assisted Vitamin C in the management of physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 30 sites with physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation. Sites were randomly allocated to Group A (laser + PRF membrane) and Group B (laser + microneedling-assisted Vitamin C). Pain perception, pigmentation index, epithelialization, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline, 4th day, 7th day, 14th day, and 6 months. Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in pain and pigmentation scores. Complete depigmentation was achieved by the 4th postoperative day and remained stable at 6 months. Group B demonstrated lower early postoperative pain scores, whereas no significant intergroup differences were observed for pigmentation reduction, epithelialization, or patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Both PRF membrane and microneedling-assisted Vitamin C were effective adjuncts to laser-assisted gingival depigmentation. The two treatment approaches produced comparable clinical and esthetic outcomes in the management of physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation.