ORGANOTROPIC LOCALIZATION OF HARMFUL FUNGI IN WINTER WHEAT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN COLONIZATION

Abstract

Studies conducted in 2021-2022 showed that fungi causing rot and vascular diseases predominated at the tillering node of winter wheat: F. moniliforme and F. solani in the Volgograd Region, and F. gibbosum and F. moniliforme in the Tambov Region. With increasing distance from the tillering node, the number of species colonizing the stem and grain increased, particularly A. alternata and F. sporotrichioides, while the level of F. moniliforme colonization remained high; the occurrence of F. gibbosum and F. solani decreased. Fungi colonizing the upper plant parts, including the glumes, play a significant role in grain infection due to their close proximity to the grain. The results of the field experiment demonstrated that the differential activity of fungicide active ingredients does not always determine the extent of grain colonization by harmful toxigenic fungal species and pathogens. The stimulatory effect of the bacterial biological product on grain infection by harmful microbiota was confirmed.