Temporal and spatial analysis of precipitation to the identification of extreme climate events in Pará state estimated by CHIRPS

Abstract

In recent decades, extreme climate events have been recurrent in the Amazon, causing both intense droughts and prolonged rainy periods, impacting the population and economic sectors. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of precipitation using CHIRPS data in Pará state from 2001 to 2024.Precipitation data were obtained from CHIRPS and analyzed to identify spatial and temporal patterns. The study examined regional precipitation variability, comparing areas with higher and lower rainfall volumes. Monitoring climatic variables in Pará and the Amazon region is crucial, considering precipitation influences in other areas of Brazil. Investing in sustainable resource management and biodiversity conservation is essential. Knowledge of rainfall variability and extreme events is fundamental for environmental risk management and mitigation of drought and flood impacts on vulnerable populations. Results show that the regions of Marabá, Redenção, Altamira, and Santarém experienced lower precipitation levels than the northeastern areas of Belém and Breves. Additionally, 2015 recorded the lowest precipitation, while 2013 had the highest. It was observed that in El Niño years (2002–2005, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2023–2024), precipitation was below the historical average, whereas in La Niña years (2013, 2021–2022), precipitation was above average.