A Survey of Cloud Security and Data Security: Risk and Prevention Methods

Abstract

This survey examines the security challenges associated with cloud computing adoption, focusing on data security as the cornerstone of trust in cloud environments. It reviews the most significant risks facing cloud infrastructure, primarily data breaches resulting from security configuration errors, advanced ransomware attacks, exploitation of API vulnerabilities, and insider threats. In contrast, the study analyses modern defensive approaches based on the principle of "multi-layered defence including end-to-end data encryption, a "zero trust" identity and access management model, AI-powered continuous monitoring systems, and immutable backup strategies. The findings highlight that securing the cloud environment is no longer simply a matter of implementing a single technology, but rather an ongoing governance process that integrates advanced technological solutions with robust regulatory policies to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and availability in a constantly evolving threat landscape.