Habitat Quality, Conservation Gaps, and Environmental Suitability of Siberian Cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) in the Erlongtao River Basin, Songnen Plain

Abstract

Simple Summary To strengthen the protection of habitats on the Songnen Plain, ensure the survival of waterbirds, and protect their migration corridors, the Erlongtau River Basin was selected as the research area. A 33-year evaluation of waterbird habitat quality was conducted to analyze the factors influencing their changes. The ecological suitability of the flagship species, the Siberian crane, was assessed, and the spatial distribution of their land cover classess and associated influencing factors were clarified. The results indicate that the primary land use type for high-suitability habitat was dry farm located within and around the Momoge and Tumuji Nature Reserves and near areas connected to wetlands. With respect to high and moderate habitat suitability, 44% and 62% of the land cover classes were classified as “poor” in terms of habitat quality, and 66% and 68% of these habitat were located outside the reserve. To ensure the long-term conservation of Siberian cranes and consider the role of habitat quality in ecological sustainability, restoring wetlands that contribute substantially to habitat quality is essential. This study provides a reference for the conservation of endangered species and watershed ecological construction and offers scientific support and a theoretical foundation for the planning and development of Songnen Crane National Park.